A small rock in the Atlantic

Star Finders

Galaxy M100 taken with the Isaac Newton Telescope and Wide Field Camera by Simon Driver.

M100 (NGC 4321), a barred galaxy in the Virgo cluster

There's a really simple reason why the Royal Greenwich Observatory moved their telescopes here. It's one of the three best places in the world for astronomy.

A modern telescope could see the equivalent of a candle on the moon, so obviously they want to be well away from city lights. Even more obviously, they want to be somewhere that doesn't get many cloudy nights.

Much less obviously, they want to be somewhere the stars don't twinkle. This happens when the air's turbulent. It's pretty, but it really messes up your view.

There are three places in the world which are great on all three counts, and La Palma is one of them. (The other two are the peak of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and the Atacama Desert in Chile.)

The problem is to keep it that way.

When the observatory moved here, they asked for, and got, an agreement to limit things like street lights. Los Llanos has a street with lamps which remind me of 1950's hairdryers - the sort that go all around your head.

Recently the island government committed to spending over a million euros to update the streetlights to reduce the light pollution even further.

The result of all this is that La Palma is a great place for amateur astronomers, too. Even in a resort, people notice how many more stars you see here, compared to almost any English town or city. Here's another picture, this time of M51, taken by my friends in Franceses with an 80mm amateur telescope on their first night's astronomy since they moved here. Of course there's a lot of skill involved too. But they used to live in Streatham, and no amount of skill would produce that kind of result there.

If you want to recognise the constellations, the best solution is something called a planisphere. This is two special circles of plastic fastened at the centre. Twirl them until the date on one lines up with the time on the other, and you get a picture of the night sky for the right time, date, and position on the planet. (In fact you want to set the time for an hour later than GMT because clocks on La Palma are set just one hour behind Madrid, which leaves us in the same time zone as
London, but a long way west.)

If you bring a UK planisphere with you, everything will be shifted and it won't show the southern stars at all.

Perhaps surprisingly, the best one for the Canaries is titled "Hawaii, Mexico, India, Hong Kong, Taiwan." This is because you have to buy one for the correct latitude (your distance north or south of the equator) but the longitude (east-west distance from London) doesn't matter, because you compensate for that when you set the time.

Amazon.co.uk sells normally sells them for £6.99 (at left), although the last time I looked they only had a used one, (and it was more expensive). If you want a UK planisphere, it's slightly cheaper (at right).

Amazon.com also sell them. The one for La Palma is $13.87 (below)
Philips Planisphere from Amazon.com

Happy stargazing!

Labels: astronomy, Canaries, Canary islands, La Palma, observatory, Planisphere

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The Inauguration of GranTeCan

Oddly enough, nobody invited me to meet the king of Spain at the official inauguration of GranTeCan (Gran Telescopio Canario or Big Canarian Telescope) so I had to watch it on the TV.

I learned something new. The main mirror is accurate to 15 nanometres (a nanometre is a millionth of a millimetre). So if you scaled up the mirror to 10,400 km (and the radius of the Earth is 6,400 km) then the height difference between the highest mountain peak and the lowest valley would be 15mm.

Labels: GranTeCan, La Palma, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos

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GRANTECAN: The big Canarian Telescope

This is GranTeCan (Gran Telescopio Canario / Big Canarian Telescope) on the Roque de los Muchachos observatory in La Palma. It will be inaugurated on July 24th. The king and queen of Spain are coming, and there are rumours that Dr. Brian May is coming too. The telescope and its first two instruments cost €105 million: 90% of this came from Spain, 5% from Mexico, and 5% from the University of Florida. They'll share the observing time in the same proportions.

They aren't kidding about the "big" part, as it's the biggest telescope in the world. If you took the telescope out of the dome, there'd be room for a tennis court in there. The main mirror is 10.4 metres across. For comparison, the next biggest telescope in Europe, the William Herschel Telescope, has a mirror 4.2 metres across. But while the Herschel's has one big mirror, GranTeCan has 36 hexagonal segments, each over 2 metres from point to point. They're probably the best quality optical surface in the world, too. (The special glass used for ceramic hobs was developed for astronomical mirrors. I bet you didn't know that.)

The aim of all this is to gather more light, which means that the telescope can see fainter, hence more distant objects then anyone's seen before. Since light takes time to travel, that means it's looking back in time. They don't know exactly what they'll discover. That's the whole point.

Galileo's first telescope was enough for him to see sunspots, Jupiter's moons and the phases of Venus (it waxes and wanes, like the moon) and get him into terrible, terrible trouble with the Church. All that with a telescope diameter of about 4cm.

I'm looking forward to see what Grantecan finds with an extra 10.36 metres.

Labels: astronomy, GranTeCan, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos

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Visiting the Observatory, 2009

GranTeCan, the huge new Spanish telescope

La Palma is home to one of the three most important astronomical observatories in the world. (The other two are Hawaii and the Atacama desert in Chile.) The observatory sits at the top of the island, at the Roque de los Muchachos. It's a fascinating place to visit, but it's not normally open to tourists - they're too busy doing science. You can visit the mountain top and see the buildings from the outside any day of the year. But please note:

Days only, not nights. The William Herschel Telescope could see a candle on the moon, and the MAGIC telescope is even more sensitive. They really don't like car headlights. Some years ago there was an incident some years ago where a bus shone its lights right at the Herschel's dome. Now there's a barrier across the road which is shut a half an hour after sunset, and raised around dawn.
The road to the observatory is usually blocked for a few days each winter, by snow or landslides. Use your common sense. If the sign at the bottom of the mountain road says it's blocked, don't go up. I once rescued a couple of German tourists who'd spent the night in the car in the drainage ditch, after going past the sign, thinking that the weather couldn't be all that bad in the Canaries. It can. That night it was thick fog, 60 mph winds, and -5C. Thank God they didn't try to walk, because they'd have frozen to death for sure.

Since the MAGIC gamma ray telescope doesn't have a building, you get quite a good view from the outside. You can get fairly close by parking on one of the heliports (the bottom left as you go up the hill). From there, a footpath goes closer, and there's a display panel that explains how the telescope works.

If you want to see inside, you need to go on a guided tour. In 2009 they will hold 28 open days, each with only one group. Each visit starts with a visit to the MAGIC gamma-ray telescope, followed by one other telescope, and lasts about two hours. Visits must be booked in advance, by calling the receptionist at the Institute of Astronomy on (00 34) 922 425 703. And yes, the receptionist speaks English. Book early -- the places go fast. But no children under 12 allowed.

They also hold private visits, usually for schools or visiting astronomers. You can email your request to adminorm@iac.es. I believe the person who reads the email, speaks English. To be honest, they're unlikely to organise a visit for the average tourist, but if there's a visit organised anyway, you might be able to tag along. Cross your fingers!

The MAGIC gamma-ray telescope

Labels: astronomy, Garafía, La Palma, La Plama, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos

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Rock slide

Most of the snow has melted, and the road from Santa Cruz to the observatory is open again. But there's a landslide blocking half the road above the treeline, somewhere near the rock formation that looks like a red submarine.

Labels: La Palma, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos

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La Palma has a lovely sub-tropical climate. It's called the land of eternal spring. But today the top of the mountain is covered with snow.

Of course, we only ever get snow at high altitude, and these days, we don't get snow every winter. But when it snows, it can dump several feet in one night.

The Roque is one of the three best sites in the world for astronomy, so there's a major international observatory up there. Of course, they expect occasional snow, so they're geared up for it. They have 4x4 vehicles, and in winter they carry snow chains and shovels, just in case. Unless it's cloudy, they carry right on observing. The snow plough was busy this morning, getting the road open again.

The photo at the top is the Isaac Newton Telescope, looking Christmassy, taken last year.

And this is the the MAGIC telescope this evening, taken with their webcam at http://www.magic.iac.es/webcams/index.html
MAGIC telescope in the snow

Labels: La Palma, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos, snow

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Asteroid strike

A small asteroid, some 3 metres in diameter, came screaming in at 12 km /s (27,000 mph) and exploded over northern Sudan at 2:45 am on Tuesday October 7th. They don't think any of the bits would have been big enough to hit the ground. This is the first time an asteroid has been spotted and tracked before impact.

And the reason it's on this blog is that the William Herschel Telescope got a spectrum of the fireball as it zipped over the CanaryIslands.

Cool!

Labels: asteroid, astronomy, La Palma, La Plama, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos, William Herschel Telescope

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The other Princess

No, not the Princess hotel, although I've heard that's very nice.

Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn from Thailand visited La Palma on Monday, and stayed the night. In the morning, she inaugurated the Siam Park in Tenerife, which will be the biggest aquatic theme park in Europe when in opens. Then she came to La Palma and visited the observatory, where she visited the huge new Spanish telescope GranTeCan (Gran Telescopio Canario, Big Canarian Telescope) and the William Herschel Telescope. She also saw observing at the Herschel, and with some amateur astronomers from the island, and then stayed the night. On Tuesday morning, I saw the convoy coming down the mountain road as I drove up to work as a tour guide.

According to wikipedia, her royal highness is known for her interest in applying science and technology to Thailand's development. I'm told she seemed to thoroughly enjoy her visit.

Labels: La Palma, La Plama, observatory, Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, princess of Thailand, Roque de los Muchachos

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R.I.P. Florian Goebel

Florien was the project manager for MAGIC II, the second of the huge Cherenkov telescopes at the Roque de los Muchachos. The telescope was due to be inaugurated next week, on the 19^th. That's been delayed now, because somehow he fell from the prime focus tower in the dark last night. The tower is about ten metres (33ft) high, and Florien's dead.

I only ever had one conversation with him. He must have been very busy, but he took time out to help me with a magazine article. I always think that's the acid test of character: how you treat people who are of no possible use to you.

My husband worked for him for three weeks, fitting mirror segments to MAGIC II, and said several times how nice he was.

My sincere sympathies to his family.

Labels: astronomy, La Palma, La Plama, MAGIC II, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos

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The William Herschel Telescope

The William Herschel Telescope at sunset.

The William Herschel Telescope is currently the biggest and best optical telescope in Europe (until GranTeCan opens this autumn.) The main mirror is 4.2 m across (165", or 13' 9") which astronomers call "a good light bucket". It's rather old as world-class telescopes go, since it opened in 1987, but it still produced excellent science. In fact data from the WHT has been used for about 1,500 scientific papers. It helps that it's been fitted with adaptive optics.

This is when you use some starlight to measure the air turbulence, and then deform a special, flexible mirror to compensate for that turbulence. It's rather like using glasses to correct for the shape of your eyeball, but these glasses change shape 100 times a second.

This only works if you have a bright star handy, in order to measure the turbulence in the first place. Some parts of the sky have far more stars than others, so the WHT has a laser, which can be used to create an artificial star. To the best of my knowledge, it's the only one working in Europe (although GranTeCan will have one too.)

The telescope's named after Frederick William Herschel, who was born in Germany but emigrated to England. He started life as a musician, but music lead to mathematics and then to astronomy. He's best known for discovering the planet Uranus, but he also measured the height of the mountains on the moon, discovered double stars, catalogued loads of nebulas, found two of Saturn's moons and two of Uranus's moons, and was the first to realise that the solar system is moving around the galaxy. Oh, and he discovered infra-red radiation.

Pretty impressive for someone who didn't really get started on astronomy until his mid-forties. (Obviously there's hope for me yet.)

If you want to visit the WHT, you have to sign up in advance for an open day. Details at: http://lapalmaisland.sheilacrosby.com/articles/visit_obs.php

Inside the William Herschel Telescope, beside the secondary mirror.

Labels: astronomy, La Palma, La Plama, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos, telescopes, William Herschel Telescope

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"The Music of Stars"

For some time rumours have been circulating around the island's that Brian May's going to give a concert here for the inauguration of the huge, new, Spanish telescope, GranTeCan. Today, the IAC announced that Jean-Michel Jarre has visited the observatories here and at Teide, and will be playing too.

My goodness, I think it's really going to happen.

More details at http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?_rss=1&fuseaction=readrelease&releaseid=530918

Labels: Brian May, Canaries, Canary Isands, Jean-Michel Jarre, La Palma, La Plama, live music, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos, The Music of Stars

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Observatory Open Days for 2008

Traditionally, the observatory has been open to visitors about 4 days per year, with perhaps 6 groups for each day. This year, they're going to have 20 open days, but most of them will only have one group. Each visit starts at 9:45 with a visit to the MAGIC gamma-ray telescope, followed by one other telescope, and finishes before 12.00.

DATE	Day	2nd telescope
8th July	Tues	WHT or INT
10th July	Thursday	Galileo
12th July	Saturday	GranTeCan
15th July	Tues	Mecator and Liverpool
17th July	Thursday	Galileo
19th July	Saturday	GranTeCan
22nd July	Tues	WHT or INT
24th July	Thursday	Mecator and Liverpool
26th July	Saturday	GranTeCan
29th July	Tues	WHT or INT
31st July	Thursday	Galileo
7th August	Thursday	Galileo
12th August	Tuesday	WHT or INT
14th August	Thursday	Galileo
15th August	Friday	GranTeCan
19th August	Tuesday	WHT or INT
21st August	Thursday	GranTeCan
22nd August	Friday	Garafía residents only
26th August	Tuesday	Mecator and Liverpool
28th August	Thursday	Mecator and Liverpool
30th August	Saturday	WHT and Galileo

Friday 15th of August and Saturday 30th August will have several groups.

Visits must be booked in advance, by calling the receptionist at the Institute of Astronomy on (00 34) 922 425703 And yes, the receptionist speaks English. Book early -- most of the places for July have gone already.

Labels: La Palma, La Plama, observatory, open days, Roque de los Muchachos, telescopes

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Visiting the Observatory

GranTeCan, the huge new Spanish telescope

La Palma is home to one of the three most important astronomical observatories in the world. (The other two are Hawaii and the Atacama desert in Chile.) The observatory sits at the top of the island, at the Roque de los Muchachos.

It's a fascinating place to visit, but it's not normally open to tourists - they're too busy doing science.

You can visit the mountain top and see the buildings from the outside any day of the year. But please note:

Days only, not nights. The William Herschel Telescope could see a candle on the moon, and the MAGIC telescope is even more sensitive. They really don't like car headlights. Some years ago there was an incident some years ago where a bus shone its lights right at the Herschel's dome. Now there's a barrier across the road which is shut a little before sunset, and raised a little after dawn.

The road to the observatory is usually blocked for a few days each winter, by snow or landslides. Use your common sense. If the sign at the bottom of the mountain road says it's blocked, don't go up. I once rescued a couple of German tourists who'd spent the night in the car in the drainage ditch, after going past the sign, thinking that the weather couldn't be all that bad in the Canaries. It can. That night it was thick fog, 60 mph winds, and -5ºC. Thank God they didn't try to walk, because they'd have frozen to death for sure.

Sine the MAGIC gamma ray telescope doesn't have a building, you get quite a good view from the outside. You can get fairly close by parking on one of the helipads (the bottom left as you go up the hill). From there, a footpath goes closer, and there's a display panel that explains how the telescope works.

The observatory is open to visitors for a few days a year. This year's dates haven't been decided yet. You reserve your place on the form at http://www.iac.es/orm/visitas/novedad/visitas.htm Each visit lasts about two hours, and you get a guided tour in English or Spanish (say which when you book!) round several telescopes. Be warned that the schedule sometimes slips, and you might have to wait around.

They also hold private visits, usually for schools or visiting astronomers. You can email your request to adminorm@iac.es. Ana, who reads the email, speaks English. To be honest, they're unlikely to organise a visit for the average tourist, but if there's a visit organised anyway, you might be able to tag along. Cross your fingers!

The MAGIC gamma-ray telescope

Labels: astronomy, Canaries, Canary islands, La Palma, observatory, Roque de los Muchachos

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A small rock in the Atlantic

Current Weather on La Palma

Wednesday, 27 January 2010

Star Finders

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Friday, 24 July 2009

The Inauguration of GranTeCan

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Wednesday, 15 July 2009

GRANTECAN: The big Canarian Telescope

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Monday, 29 June 2009

Visiting the Observatory, 2009

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Tuesday, 10 February 2009

Rock slide

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Friday, 6 February 2009

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Wednesday, 8 October 2008

Asteroid strike

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Friday, 19 September 2008

The other Princess

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Thursday, 11 September 2008

R.I.P. Florian Goebel

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Friday, 8 August 2008

The William Herschel Telescope

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Wednesday, 16 July 2008

"The Music of Stars"

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Monday, 7 July 2008

Observatory Open Days for 2008

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Saturday, 21 June 2008

Visiting the Observatory

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